• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a method of manufacturing a combustible material. According to the invention, such a method comprises - continuous introduction of a predetermined volume per minute of wood fragments into a pressure reactor; - exposure of the wood fragments to water vapor at a temperature between 200 and 220 ° C for a period of between 5 and 9 minutes, the value of said exposure time and the value of the temperature of said vapor d water being selected such that the severity factor is between 4.05 and 4.15; - continuous extraction from said reactor of the same predetermined volume of wood fragments per minute, through a plurality of orifices opening into a conduit substantially at atmospheric pressure; - Separation of said decompressed wood fragments and of the residual vapor extracted from said reactor, said wood fragments obtained after separation forming said combustible material. Figure to be published: 2
    公开号:FR3087789A1
    申请号:FR1905269
    申请日:2019-05-20
    公开日:2020-05-01
    发明作者:Jean Luc Despres；Adriana Quintero Marquez；Frederic Martel
    申请人:Europeenne de Biomasse SAS；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001] Description Title of the invention: Process for the continuous manufacture of a combustible material for an industrial boiler, corresponding material and installation Field of the invention 100011 The field of the invention is that of biomass fuels.
    [0004] [0004] Techniques for manufacturing granules or pellets from lignocellulosic material based on a "steam explosion" process are known, for example from document CA1141376, or from document WO2006 / 006863.
    [0005] These known techniques are based on batch production of granules, in a reactor, which is filled and then emptied after exposing the lignocellulosic material to the steam under pressure for a few tens of seconds to a few minutes, or even a few tens of minutes. , and then rapidly depressurized the reactor enclosure.
    [0006] [0006] They have the drawback of being complex and expensive to implement due to the fact that each batch has to be emptied of the reactor.
    [0007] [0007] The object of the invention is therefore in particular to overcome the drawbacks of the state of the art mentioned above.
    [0008] [0008] More precisely, the object of the invention is to provide a technique for manufacturing a combustible material which limits material losses.
    [0009] An objective of the invention is also to provide a technique for manufacturing a combustible material from wood chips which makes it possible to obtain a combustible material whose lower calorific value is greater than or equal to 5 MWh / t , and preferably greater than or equal to 5.6 MWh / t.
    [0010] [0010] Another objective of the invention is to provide a technique for manufacturing a combustible material whose productivity is high.
    [0013] Another objective of the invention is to provide a technique for manufacturing a combustible material from wood chips which makes it possible to obtain a combustible material whose density is greater than or equal to 650 kg / m3, and preferably greater than or equal to 700 kg / m3.
    [0014] [0014] Another objective of the invention is to provide a technique for manufacturing a combustible material which is reliable, simple to implement and at a reduced production cost.
    [0015] These objectives, as well as others which will appear subsequently, are achieved using a process for manufacturing a combustible material, in particular for an industrial boiler, from wood chips.
    [0016] According to the invention such a method comprises the following steps:
    [0017] - Obtaining from said wood chips of wood fragments having a moisture content between 5 and 25%;
    [0018] - Continuous introduction of a predetermined volume per minute of said wood fragments obtained in a pressurized reactor, said reactor being supplied with substantially saturated water vapor, the pressure of which is between 15.6 and 23.2 bars and the temperature is between 200 and 220 ° C in the reactor;
    [0019] - exposure of the fragments of wood introduced into said reactor to said water vapor for a sufficient time to obtain a steam cracking of between 5 and 9 minutes, the value of said exposure time and the value of the temperature of said substantially saturated vapor being selected such that the severity factor is between 4.05 and 4.15;
    [0020] - Continuous extraction of said reactor of the same predetermined volume of wood fragments per minute, through at least one orifice opening into a conduit substantially at atmospheric pressure, so as to cause an explosive decompression of said fragments of wood extracted from said reactor in said duct
    [0021] - separation of said decompressed wood fragments and the residual vapor extracted from said reactor, said wood fragments obtained after separation forming said combustible material.
    [0022] Thus, in an unprecedented way, the invention proposes to manufacture combustible material from continuously taking advantage of a treatment by "steam explosion" using steam whose pressure is between 15.6 and 23.2 bars and the temperature is 3 between 200 and 220 ° C and for an exposure time to steam between 5 and 9 minutes, the values of the temperature and the exposure time being chosen so that the severity factor is between 4.05 and 4.15.
    [0023] A combustible material is thus obtained having a high calorific value and with a suitable productivity, while limiting the losses of material.
    [0024] It will be noted that in the context of the invention, the severity factor FS is calculated in a manner known per se with the following formula:
    [0025] [0025] [Math 1] F5 hg (I e -L4., S 0 100261 with T the temperature of the water vapor in the reactor (in ° C) and At the exposure time in the reactor (in minutes ).
    [0028] [0028] In a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention, the temperature of said water vapor in the reactor is between 205 and 210 ° C.
    [0029] In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, a manufacturing method as described above further comprises a step of converting said combustible material into pellet.
    [0030] According to a particular aspect of the invention, the wood chips are obtained from hardwoods and / or softwoods.
    [0031] According to a preferred aspect of the invention, the moisture content of said wood fragments obtained is between 8 and 12%.
    [0032] In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, during the exposure step. the value of said exposure time and the value of the temperature of said substantially saturated vapor are selected so that the severity factor is between 4.05 and 4.10.
    [0033] In another advantageous embodiment of the invention, during the exposure step, the value of said exposure time and the value of the temperature of said substantially saturated vapor are selected so that the factor of severity is between 4.10 and 4.15.
    [0034] In a particular embodiment of the invention, said wood fragments are predominantly wood fragments of larger dimension between 0.5 and 14 mm
    [0035] In a particular embodiment of the invention, at least 80% of the mass of said wood fragments obtained from the wood chips is composed of wood fragments of larger dimension between 3.15 mm and 45mm
    [0036] In a particular embodiment of the invention, less than 0.5% of the mass of said wood fragments obtained from the wood chips is composed of wood fragments of greater dimension greater than or equal to 85mm.
    [0037] In a particular embodiment of the invention, less than 1% of the mass of said wood fragments obtained from the wood chips is composed of wood fragments of greater dimension greater than or equal to 45mm.
    [0038] In a particular embodiment of the invention, less than 5% of the mass of said wood fragments obtained from the wood chips is composed of wood fragments of larger dimension less than or equal to 3.15mm.
    [0039] In a particular embodiment of the invention, during said step of continuous extraction from said reactor of the same predetermined volume of wood fragments per minute, the extraction is carried out through a plurality of orifices opening into a duct substantially at atmospheric pressure
    [0040] According to a particular embodiment of the invention, said step of obtaining wood fragments having a moisture content of between 5 and 25% comprises a step of grinding natural wood chips and / or wood chips. reclaimed wood and a step of drying said crushed wood chips.
    [0041] Advantageously, said step of introducing said fragments of wood into the reactor comprises a step of compacting and pushing said fragments using a screw.
    [0042] In a particular embodiment of the invention, said reactor is a vertical reactor and that said fragments of wood introduced into said reactor are driven towards an extraction zone close to the bottom of said reactor under the effect of gravity .
    [0043] [0043] In another particular embodiment of the invention, said reactor is horizontal and in that the exposure step comprises a step of transporting said fragments between an introduction zone and an extraction zone. in said reactor.
    [0044] Preferably, said separation step comprises a step of centrifuging said fragments of wood and / or a step of passing said fragments of wood and the residual vapor in a cyclone.
    [0045] In a particular embodiment of the invention, a manufacturing method as described above comprises a step of humidifying the combustible material in order to improve its ability to be transformed into pellet.
    [0046] The invention also relates to an installation for manufacturing a combustible material, in particular for an industrial boiler, from wood chips, comprising:
    [0047] - Means for transforming said wood chips into fragments of wood having a moisture content of between 5 and 25%;
    [0048] - Means for generating water vapor under substantially saturated pressure, the pressure of which is between 15.6 and 23.2 bars and the temperature is between 200 and 220 ° C;
    [0049] [0049] a pressurized reactor having orifices for the extraction of wood fragments and means for continuously introducing a predetermined volume per minute of said wood fragments into said reactor, said reactor being configured so that fragments of wood introduced into said reactor can remain in the reactor for a period of between 5 and 9 minutes;
    [0050] Means for supplying said reactor with the water vapor generated by said generating means;
    [0051] Means for continuously introducing a predetermined volume per minute of said fragments of wood into said reactor;
    [0052] - Continuous extraction means from said reactor of the same predetermined volume of wood fragments per minute;
    [0053] A conduit substantially at atmospheric pressure into which the said orifices open out;
    [0054] [0054] means for separating said decompressed wood fragments and the residual vapor extracted from said reactor, said wood fragments obtained after separation forming said combustible material;
    [0055] [0055] said reactor, said means for continuous introduction and continuous extraction being configured with respect to each other so that the severity factor of the treatment in the reactor is between 4.05 and 4.15.
    [0056] The invention also relates to a combustible material obtained by implementing the method described above exhibiting an increase in mass less than or equal to 10% after complete immersion in a container of water for one hour and draining for 30 minutes. .
    [0057] The invention also relates to a combustible material obtained by the implementation of the method for manufacturing a combustible material as described above, having a calorific value greater than or equal to 5 MWh / t, preferably greater or equal to 5.6 MWh / t.
    [0058] Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will emerge more clearly on reading the following description of an embodiment of the invention, given by way of simple illustrative and non-limiting example, and the accompanying drawings among which :
    [0059] [0059] [Fig.1] is a representation in the form of an exemplary embodiment of an installation for manufacturing a combustible material according to the invention;
    [0060] [0060] [FIG. 2] schematically illustrates the steps of another exemplary embodiment of a method for manufacturing a combustible material according to the invention, in the form of a diagram.
    [0061] Example of an embodiment (the realization of the invention
    [0062] Is illustrated in Figure 1 an exemplary embodiment of an installation 10 for manufacturing a combustible material according to the invention from wood chips.
    [0063] In this particular embodiment of the invention the wood chips used are. slabs of oak and beech wood.
    [0064] This installation 10 comprises a hammer mill 11 supplied with wood chips using a worm 12 which takes the chips from a scale silo 13.
    [0065] In a variant of this particular embodiment of the invention, provision may be made to implement an automated line which barks and directly crushes logs of wood, in the form of fragments of wood, equipped with a conveyor. for loading the silo.
    [0066] These wood fragments flow out of the crusher 11 onto a conveyor belt 14, equipped with a weighing belt, which transports them to the feed hopper of a hot air dryer 15 at low temperature.
    [0067] Cc dryer 15 is in this particular embodiment of the invention a double-layer belt dryer.
    [0068] A humidity sensor continuously monitors the moisture content of the wood fragments leaving the dryer and the speed of advance of the strip is automatically regulated in order to keep the humidity level of the wood fragments constant at the output. of the dryer.
    [0069] In the dryer, exhaust fans suck the ambient air through heat exchangers in which the air is heated in two stages before blowing it on the fragments of wood.
    [0070] In alternative embodiments of the invention, it can also be envisaged to use a rotary drum dryer.
    [0071] It will be noted that in the buffer silo a partial homogenization of the moisture content of the dried wood fragments occurs.
    [0072] The dried wood fragments are extracted from the silo 16 by a planetary screw and deposited on a conveyor belt which transports them to a feed silo 17 of a reactor 18 making it possible to treat 15 tonnes per hour of fragments of continuous wood.
    [0073] Reactor 18 is a pressurized reactor into which superheated water vapor is injected, the pressure of which is 19 bars and the temperature is 250 ° C. through its lower part.
    [0074] It will be noted that in the reactor 18 the temperature of the vapor is 209 ° C. and the pressure is 18.7 bars.
    [0075] The silo 17 is in the form of a truncated ellipsoid, in order to facilitate the flow of the wood fragments.
    [0076] Furthermore, in the silo 17, a rotary scraper makes it possible to push the wood fragments towards an extraction worm 19.
    [0077] This conical worm 19, the section of which narrows as the screw enters the reactor 18, continuously withdraws a predetermined amount of dried wood fragments in the silo 17, the pre-compresses and the pushes in the reactor 18 under pressure through an orifice through which the screw passes.
    [0078] It will be noted that the compressive force exerted by the screw on the fragments advantageously makes it possible to expel part of the residual water present in the wood fragments.
    [0079] At the end of the screw 19, the compacted wood fragments form a compact block which is dispersed in the reactor under the effect of the steam flow.
    [0080] [0080] The dispersed wood fragments then fall by gravity into the reactor while being reheated by the flow of steam and are deposited on the fragments which have accumulated before them on the bottom of the reactor, where they continue to be heated by. the flow of steam.
    [0081] It should be noted that in the reactor 18 the retention time of the wood fragments is controlled as a function of the level of the wood fragments which have accumulated on the bottom of the reactor.
    [0082] On the bottom of the reactor 18, a scraper mounted to pivot on a vertical axis (not shown in FIG. 1) pushes the wood fragments back towards an endless screw 20 making it possible to extract wood fragments from the reactor 18. .
    [0083] This discharge screw 20 pushes the wood fragments out of the reactor towards a valve 21 with controlled opening.
    [0084] Under the thrust of the steam present in the reactor and / or the screw 20, fragments of wood are continuously expelled through the openings of the valves 21, at very high speed, in an expansion line 22 and are entrained by the flow of steam exiting with these fragments of wood from the reactor in the expansion line 22 to a separation unit 23.
    [0085] It will be noted that in the expansion line the pressure gradually decreases until a pressure of approximately 1.1 bar is reached at the level of the separator.
    [0086] In variants of this embodiment of the invention, the pressure reached at the level of the separator is equal to 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, or 1.5 bar.
    [0087] In the separation unit 23, the mixture of wood fragments and steam penetrates tangentially to a rapidly rotating blade.
    [0088] In a variant of this embodiment of the invention, provision may be made to use a pressurized cyclone to separate the fragments of wood from the residual vapor.
    [0089] [0089] It will be noted that the steam discharged contains volatile materials which can advantageously be hrulated in a boiler.
    [0090] [0090] The fragments of wood projected into a discharge duct 24 flow into a storage silo 25, with a view to being transformed in the form of pellets with a diameter approximately equal to 7 millimeters and of an average length equal to 22 millimeters. .
    [0091] For this they are conveyed using a chain conveyor, or a pneumatic conveyor, to a pellet mill 26 where they are compacted in the form of pellets.
    [0092] The pellets obtained are then sent to a bulk truck loading station or to a bagging-palletizing station.
    [0093] These pellets have a lower calorific value equal to 5.35 MWh / t and a density equal to 710 kg / m3.
    [0094] In a variant of cc particular embodiment of the invention, the wood fragments obtained after separation can be used directly as combustible material in an industrial boiler.
    [0095] Another example of an embodiment of the invention
    [0096] The steps of an example of a method of manufacturing a combustible material for an industrial oven from wood chips according to the invention have been shown in the form of a block diagram.
    [0097] In a first step 201, fragments of wood of greater dimension equal to 5 millimeters are produced from chips of debarked oak wood.
    [0098] In a step 202, a volume of 0.32 1113 of dried wood fragments is introduced continuously using a screw into a pressurized reactor supplied with slightly superheated water vapor, the pressure of which is equal to at 19 bars.
    [0099] In the reactor, the wood fragments are exposed to a flow of water vapor for a period of 8 minutes (step 203).
    [0100] [0100] They are then continuously extracted through orifices or valves in an expansion pipe (step 204) and transported in this pipe by the steam leaving the reactor to a cyclone, where the wood fragments will be. separated from the residual vapor (step 205).
    [0101] The fragments of wood collected at the outlet of the separator are then dried until their moisture content reaches 10% (step 206) before being compacted in the form of pellets (step 207) intended to be used as fuel. in an industrial oven.
    [0102] [0102] Other characteristics and advantages of the invention
    [0103] In variants of the embodiments of the invention presented above, it can also be provided:
    [0104] [0104] to humidify the wood fragments obtained after separation in order to facilitate granulation; to use a horizontally extending reactor and means for transporting the fragments in the reactor between the introduction zone and the extraction zone, comprising for example a conveyor screw. 11
    权利要求:
    Claims (1)
    [1" id="c-fr-0001]
    Claims [Claim 1] Method of manufacturing a combustible material intended in particular for an industrial boiler from wood chips, characterized in that it comprises the following stages:- Obtaining from said wood chips of wood fragments having a humidity rate between 5 and 25%;- continuous introduction of a predetermined volume per minute of said fragments of wood obtained in a pressure reactor, said reactor being supplied with substantially saturated water vapor whose pressure is between 15.6 and 23.2 bars and the temperature is between 200 and 220 ° C in the reactor;exposure of the fragments of wood introduced into said reactor to said water vapor for a sufficient time to obtain a steam cracking of between 5 and 9 minutes, the value of said exposure time and the value of the temperature of said substantially saturated vapor being selected such that the severity factor is between 4.05 and 4.15;- continuous extraction of said reactor of the same predetermined volume of wood fragments per minute, through at least one orifice opening into a conduit substantially at atmospheric pressure, so as to cause an explosive decompression of said wood fragments extracted from said reactor in said conduit;separation of said fragments of decompressed wood and of the residual vapor extracted from said reactor, said fragments of wood obtained after separation forming said combustible material. [Claim 2] Process according to Claim 1, characterized in that the said duration of exposure of the wood fragments to the said water vapor in the reactor is between 6 and 8 minutes [Claim 3] Process according to either of Claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the temperature of the said water vapor in the reactor is between 205 and 210 ° C. [Claim 4] Method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it further comprises a step of transforming said combustible material into pellet. [Claim 5] Method according to any one of claims 1 and 4, characterized in that the moisture content of said wood fragments obtained is between 8 and 12%.
    [Claim 6] Process according to any one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the said step of obtaining wood fragments having a humidity level of between 5 and 25% comprises a step of grinding natural wood chips and / or of recovered wood chips and a step of drying said crushed wood chips. [Claim 7] Process according to any one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the said step of introducing the said wood fragments into the reactor comprises a step of compacting and pushing the said fragments using a screw. [Claim 8] Process according to any one of Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the said reactor is a vertical reactor and that the said fragments of wood introduced into the said reactor are entrained towards an extraction zone close to the bottom of the said reactor under the effect of gravity. [Claim 9] Process according to any one of Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the said reactor is horizontal and in that the exposure step comprises a step of transporting the said fragments between an introduction zone and an extraction zone in said reactor. [Claim 10] A method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that said separation step comprises a step of centrifuging said wood fragments and / or a step of passing said wood fragments and residual steam in a cyclone. [Claim 11] Method according to any one of Claims 1 to 10, characterized in that it comprises a step of humidifying the combustible material in order to improve its capacity to be transformed into pellets. [Claim 12] Installation for manufacturing a combustible material intended in particular for an industrial boiler from wood chips, comprising:- means for transforming said wooden chips into wood fragments having a humidity rate of between 5 and 25%;- Means for generating water vapor under substantially saturated pressure whose pressure is between 15.6 and 23.2 bar and the temperature is between 200 and 225 ° C;a pressure reactor having at least one orifice for the extraction of wood fragments and means for continuously introducing a predetermined volume per minute of said wood fragments into said reactor, said reactor being configured so that fragments wood introduced into said reactor can remain in the reactor for a period of between 5 and 9 min;
    - means for supplying said reactor with the water vapor generated by said generation means;
    - means for continuously introducing a predetermined volume per minute of said wood fragments into said reactor;
    - means for continuously extracting said reactor from the same predetermined volume of wood fragments per minute;
    - A conduit substantially at atmospheric pressure into which opens said orifice;
    - Means for separating said fragments of decompressed wood and residual steam extracted from said reactor, said fragments of wood obtained after separation forming said combustible material;
    said reactor, said continuous introduction and continuous extraction means being configured with respect to one another so that the severity factor of the treatment in the reactor is between 4.05 and 4.15.
    [Claim 13] Combustible material obtained by the implementation of the method according to claim 4 having an increase in mass less than or equal to 10% after complete immersion in a container of water for one hour and draining for 30 minutes.
    [Claim 14] Combustible material obtained by implementing the method according to claim 1 having a calorific value less than or equal to 5 MWh / t, preferably greater than or equal to 5.6 MWh / t.
    类似技术:
    公开号 | 公开日 | 专利标题
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    FR2514478A1|1983-04-15|METHOD AND INSTALLATION FOR DRYING CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL BY DRIVING IN A HOT GAS CURRENT
    EP2561047B1|2014-01-15|Process for manufacturing pellets
    EP0049677B1|1986-04-30|Device for the transformation of ligneous waste materials, particularly of wood waste, into combustible granules of small diameters, and granules obtained with this device
    OA20130A|2021-12-13|Method for the continuous production of a combustible material for an industrial boiler, corresponding material and facility.
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    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    CA1141376A|1981-11-12|1983-02-15|Edward A. De Long|Method of rendering lignin separable from celluloseand hemicellulose and the product so produced|
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    CA114376A|1908-04-16|1908-10-06|John A. Byers|Car fender|FR3109941A1|2020-05-11|2021-11-12|Europeenne De Biomasse|IMPROVED BLACK PELLET PRODUCTION PROCESS BY MANAGEMENT OF THE HUMIDITY LEVEL DURING GRANULATION|
    FR3110174A1|2020-05-18|2021-11-19|Electricite De France|Manufacturing process of fuel pellets or briquettes from wood-waste|
    SE2050638A1|2020-06-03|2021-12-04|Valmet Oy|Continuous steam explosion method|
    法律状态:
    2020-05-01| PLSC| Publication of the preliminary search report|Effective date: 20200501 |
    2020-05-14| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 2 |
    2021-05-19| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 3 |
    优先权:
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